副词的句法功能

故城中学 冯彦奎

1.副词的种类

1.1时间副词

tonight,shortly,first,already,tomorrow,recently,finally,late,soon,lately,ago,before...

1.2频率副词；

always,often,usually,sometimes,hardly,ever,never,constantly,continually,frequently,occasionally,regularly,rarely.......

1.3地点副词：

abroad,ashore,downstairs,anywhere,here,there,overseas,underfoot,ahead,back,downtown,in,inside,eastward,far,back........

1.4方式副词：

badly,beautifully,closely,gracefully,quietly,thoroughly,strangely,tenderly,steadily,perfectly,freely,finely,evenly,firmly,accurately,plainly,effectively,clumsily........

1.5程度副词和强调副词：

almost,extremely,greatly,much,quiet,slightly,totally,too,completely,very,rather,nearly,largely,enough,fully,pretty,too,completely.........

1.6评论副词：

luckily,unluckily,happily,unhappily,generally,fortunately,innocently,honestly,roughly,briefly,narrowly,hopefully,naturally,broadly,apparently,perhaps,undoubtedly.......

1.7疑问副词：

where,how,however,when,whenever,why,wherever

1.8连接副词：

therefore,besides,otherwise,though,when,why,wherever,moreover,however,then,where,whenever

2.副词的句法功能

副词主要用作状语，也可以用作定、补、表语。

2.1副词作状语

主要是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

Hopefully we will meet again on Sunday.(修饰整个句子)

I always help with houseworkon Sundays.

2.2副词作表语

主要说明主语的方向、方位、动作情况或状态特征。The fire is on.

2.3副词作定语

The air here is very fresh .

2.4作补足语

主要说明主语或宾语所处的位置、状态等等。

Ask them in.

3.   副词的比较级

副词与形容词一样，也存在比较级形式。在处理比较级这块内容时，难点就是怎么变换其形式。对于单音节词和少数多音节词，可以用加词尾的方法构成比较级，双音节和多音节词大多以加more的方法构成比较级。

3.1规则变化：

单音节副词，部分双音节副词	一般情况加er	hard-harder fast-faster
以-e结尾，直接加r	late-later
辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，+er	early-earlier,
多音节词，部分双音节	在前面+more	quickly-more quickly

 

3.2比较级的用法

3.2.1比较级的单独运用

Will you pleasespeak more slowly?

3.2.2比较级+than

You run fasterthan he does.

3.3.3比较级+and+比较级

He is getting onbetter and better with her, with time going on.

3.3.4 the+比较级.....，the +比较级.......

The more you openyour heart to others,the less your heart suffers.

3.3.5比较级的修饰词

为了强调和突出比较级，有时可在比较级的前面加上一些副词，比如：

even, far, much,still, a lot, a bit,a little,by far....

 

 

 

 

 

4.    副词的最高级

单音节、部分双音节	一般情况+est	hard-hardest
以-e结尾，+st	late-latest
辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，+est	early-earliest
多音节、部分双音节	在前面+most	quickly-most quickly

 

不规则构成

原级	比较级	最高级
well	better	best
badly	worse	worst
much	more	most
little	less	least
far	farther	farthest
	further	furthest

比如：My interest is in the future because I amgoing to spend the rest of my life there.我只对未来感兴趣，因为那会是我度过余生的时光。

You are such alikeable person. I greatlyenjoy working with you.你是这么可爱的一个人，我很喜欢和你一起工作。

The girl anxiously looked at me.她焦虑地看着我。

注意当多个副词修饰动词作状语时，其顺序一般为“程度+方式+地点+时间”。

比如：

I sang the song beautifully at theclassroom last week.上个礼拜我在班级里唱了一首动听的歌曲。

My parents willtravel by train to Nanjing next week.我父母在下个礼拜要乘飞机去南京。

I am going totravel globally withmy parents. 我即将和父母进行环球旅行。

It’s very late; hence you must go to bed.很晚了，你必须去睡觉。