副词的句法功能
故城中学 冯彦奎
1.副词的种类
1.1时间副词
tonight,shortly,first,already,tomorrow,recently,finally,late,soon,lately,ago,before...
1.2频率副词;
always,often,usually,sometimes,hardly,ever,never,constantly,continually,frequently,occasionally,regularly,rarely.......
1.3地点副词:
abroad,ashore,downstairs,anywhere,here,there,overseas,underfoot,ahead,back,downtown,in,inside,eastward,far,back........
1.4方式副词:
badly,beautifully,closely,gracefully,quietly,thoroughly,strangely,tenderly,steadily,perfectly,freely,finely,evenly,firmly,accurately,plainly,effectively,clumsily........
1.5程度副词和强调副词:
almost,extremely,greatly,much,quiet,slightly,totally,too,completely,very,rather,nearly,largely,enough,fully,pretty,too,completely.........
1.6评论副词:
luckily,unluckily,happily,unhappily,generally,fortunately,innocently,honestly,roughly,briefly,narrowly,hopefully,naturally,broadly,apparently,perhaps,undoubtedly.......
1.7疑问副词:
where,how,however,when,whenever,why,wherever
1.8连接副词:
therefore,besides,otherwise,though,when,why,wherever,moreover,however,then,where,whenever
2.副词的句法功能
副词主要用作状语,也可以用作定、补、表语。
2.1副词作状语
主要是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
Hopefully we will meet again on Sunday.(修饰整个句子)
I always help with houseworkon Sundays.
2.2副词作表语
主要说明主语的方向、方位、动作情况或状态特征。The fire is on.
2.3副词作定语
The air here is very fresh .
2.4作补足语
主要说明主语或宾语所处的位置、状态等等。
Ask them in.
3. 副词的比较级
副词与形容词一样,也存在比较级形式。在处理比较级这块内容时,难点就是怎么变换其形式。对于单音节词和少数多音节词,可以用加词尾的方法构成比较级,双音节和多音节词大多以加more的方法构成比较级。
3.1规则变化:
单音节副词,部分双音节副词 | 一般情况加er | hard-harder fast-faster | |
---|---|---|---|
以-e结尾,直接加r | late-later | ||
辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+er | early-earlier, | ||
多音节词,部分双音节 | 在前面+more | quickly-more quickly |
3.2比较级的用法
3.2.1比较级的单独运用
Will you pleasespeak more slowly?
3.2.2比较级+than
You run fasterthan he does.
3.3.3比较级+and+比较级
He is getting onbetter and better with her, with time going on.
3.3.4 the+比较级.....,the +比较级.......
The more you openyour heart to others,the less your heart suffers.
3.3.5比较级的修饰词
为了强调和突出比较级,有时可在比较级的前面加上一些副词,比如:
even, far, much,still, a lot, a bit,a little,by far....
4. 副词的最高级
单音节、部分双音节 | 一般情况+est | hard-hardest |
---|---|---|
以-e结尾,+st | late-latest | |
辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+est | early-earliest | |
多音节、部分双音节 | 在前面+most | quickly-most quickly |
不规则构成
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
---|---|---|
well | better | best |
badly | worse | worst |
much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther | farthest |
further | furthest |
比如:My interest is in the future because I amgoing to spend the rest of my life there.我只对未来感兴趣,因为那会是我度过余生的时光。
You are such alikeable person. I greatlyenjoy working with you.你是这么可爱的一个人,我很喜欢和你一起工作。
The girl anxiously looked at me.她焦虑地看着我。
注意当多个副词修饰动词作状语时,其顺序一般为“程度+方式+地点+时间”。
比如:
I sang the song beautifully at theclassroom last week.上个礼拜我在班级里唱了一首动听的歌曲。
My parents willtravel by train to Nanjing next week.我父母在下个礼拜要乘飞机去南京。
I am going totravel globally withmy parents. 我即将和父母进行环球旅行。
It’s very late; hence you must go to bed.很晚了,你必须去睡觉。
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